1. Genealogy of Jesus
    1. Generations of Kings
David David (6/23/04-6/25/04)
(David [OT:1732]): from dowd [OT:1730]: to boil, to love, a lover or friend, an uncle. "Beloved." Shepherd son of Jesse, sent to serve Saul as a harper (1Sa 16). Sent to bring supplies to his older brothers when they fought the Philistines, David stood up to the challenge, and killed Goliath (1Sa 17). He and Saul's son Jonathon became close as he served faithfully in Saul's army, yet Saul became jealous of David's rising popularity and sought his life. That failing, he gave him his daughter Michal, hoping to distract him, but she actually worked to save his life (1Sa 18). Saul commanded his servants to kill David, but Jonathan interceded (1Sa 19). David spent years being chased by Saul, but never struck him, for he knew Saul was still God's anointed king, and he would not seek to force God's hand (1Sa 19-30). When news came that Saul had been killed, David mourned. He also had the messenger killed for his claim of having had a hand in the matter. David became king first over Judah, but the other tribes stayed loyal to Saul's house for a time, until their commander turned traitor over accusations of having taken one of the concubines. Coming to David in hopes of reward for delivering up the kingdom to him, Abner was treated well by David, but Joab killed him without David's knowledge (2Sa 1-3). Eventually, David was king of all Israel at age 30. He reigned for 40 years. He took Jerusalem and made it his capitol (2Sa 5). David brought the ark to Jerusalem, but only after an abortive first attempt. When he succeeded, Michal was offended by his celebrations amongst the people and reviled him. Because of this, she was childless from that point forward (2Sa 6). David was victorious in many battles with the enemies that surrounded Israel, because the LORD helped him wherever he went (2Sa 8:14). David had his weak moments, most importantly that in which he took a man's wife to himself, and then had the husband - his own loyal servant - killed to hide his sin (2Sa 11). Yet, he repented of his sins, knowing that he had sinned not only against the one he killed, but against the God he served (2Sa 12). David was not particularly wise as a father, either, and failed to raise his sons in the fear of the Lord. His son Ammon raped his own sister, leading to strife amongst the sons of David, and eventually to Absalom's killing Ammon. This in turn led to Absalom's banishment for a time, but David brought him back eventually. However, Absalom's heart was so embittered that he began to undermine David, eventually taking the kingdom from him for a time (2Sa 13-14). David, rather than fight his own son, evacuated the capitol, and left the matter in God's hands. Again, Joab took upon himself the task of doing God's work, and killed Absalom (2Sa 15-18). In times of trouble, David sought the LORD, and always he found Him (2Sa 21:1). At his death, David could honestly declare that the Spirit of the LORD spoke by him, and that God's word was on his tongue (2Sa 23:2). The first seven years of David's reign were over Judah in Hebron, the remainder over all Israel in Jerusalem (1Ki 2:11). David was the seventh son of Jesse (1Ch 2:16). While in Hebron, Amnon, Daniel, and Absalom were born (each by a different wife), as were Adonijah, Shephatiah, and Ithream, again by different wives (1Ch 3:1-4). In Jerusalem: Shimea, Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon were born of Bath-shua daughter of Ammiel (Bathsheba). Nine others were born to him by various and sundry wives, and there were others born by the concubines. Then, there was Tamar, sister of Absalom by the same mother (1Ch 3:5-9). David appointed the service of song in the LORD's house (1Ch 6:31). He also appointed 212 families to be gatekeepers in the house of the LORD (1Ch 9:22). In all ways, David laid out the proper directions of praise and worship (Ezr 3:10). As Jerusalem was repaired, the Levites stood to praise and give thanks to God in the fashion David had established, according to the divisions he had laid out (Ne 12:24). With the instruments David had fashioned, and singing the songs he had established, choirs mounted the walls, and took their stand in God's house (Ne 12:36-40), and worshiped in accordance with David's instructions, with men appointed to lead the singing (Ne 12:45-46). Author of many of the Psalms - some to commemorate particular points in his life, others specifically for use in Temple service. Within some of these, David speaks prophetically of the time of Christ, noting that He promised David that one from his line would sit upon the throne (Ps 132:11). God also established that He would cause the 'horn of David' to spring up in Jerusalem, the place in which God was determined that His anointed would be made manifest (Ps 132:17). Interestingly, Isaiah's news of the virgin birth follows on the heals of a complaint against the house of David, who try not only the patience of their neighbors, but also try the patience of God. It is noted that the nations of which Israel was then so fearful would both be destroyed - these were Aram (Syria?) and Samaria (Isa 7:13-15). In similar fashion, Isaiah later speaks of the child who will be born, He whose name is Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace. He it is who will fulfill the promise of Psalm 132, sitting upon David's throne for eternity. This message is followed immediately by a warning against Jacob, against Israel, that message is so severe that even their neighbors recognize God in it (Isa 9:6-9). There are other occasions in Isaiah tying Messiah to the line of David (Isa 16:6). Eliakim, son of Hilkiah is noted as being given the key of David's house for a time, with power to open such that none shut, and shut such that none open. He is called a peg firmly driven, upon which all the glory of the house of David will hang. Yet the time will come when that peg gives way, and all which depended upon it will be cut off (Isa 22:20-25). The thirsty and hungry are called to come to the LORD and be satisfied without cost, told that if they but listen to Him and heed His words, He will enter eternal covenant with them just as He did with David (Isa 55). The prophecy here is incredible - making plain that the Gentiles will come to God by His own choosing. Jeremiah is also heavily concerned with David's house. God brings judgment upon the kings that 'sit for David on his throne,' because of their wicked ways (Jer 13:13). Yet, he can also promise that Jerusalem will always be inhabited, so long as they continue to worship God. If, however, they abandon the Shabbat, He will consume that place (Jer 17:25-27). Coniah son of Jehoiakim is listed by God as childless, told that no son of his will prosper on David's throne, nor ever again rule in Judah (Jer 22:27-30). But another shall be raised up, a righteous Branch for David, who will reign in righteousness and justice, who will be called "The LORD our righteousness" (Jer 23:5). God causes the Branch to come, and He, when He comes, will execute justice and righteousness. No, David shall never lose the throne of Israel, nor the Levites the service of the Temple. These two houses are heirs of the promise of Abraham, a promise as certain as the cycles of the sun (Jer 33:15-26). But Jehoiakim will have no son of his upon the throne (Jer 36:30). One shepherd, David, servant of God will be over them as shepherd and prince (Eze 34:23-24). Shepherd and King forever (Eze 37:24-25). In the end, Israel will return to their king (Hos 3:5). God will rebuild David's house, and his house will possess what remains of Edom, and all nations called by God's name (Am 9:11-12). The Spirit of grace and supplication is to be poured out upon the house David, that they may look upon Him whom they pierced and mourn (Zech 12:10-12). But, a fountain will be opened for David's house, for Jerusalem, which is to serve to cleanse from sin and impurity (Zech 13:1). Joseph, Jesus' father was of David's line, as was Jesus (Mt 1:20, Mt 9:27). Once, when David's men were hungry, he obtained the showbread from the temple to feed them (Mt 12:3-4, Mk 2:25, Lk 6:3). The people wondered if this were indeed the Son of David for whom Israel was waiting (Mt 12:23). Those who needed the mercy of God called out to Jesus, calling upon the Son of David to have mercy upon them (Mt 15:22, Mt 20:30-31, Mk 10:47-48, Lk 18:38-39). When Jesus entered Jerusalem for the last time, the crowds greeted Him with blessings for the Son of David (Mt 21:9, Mk 11:10), which offended the Temple officials (Mt 21:15). They knew that the Christ was to come of David's line, yet could not explain why David called this son of his 'Lord' (Mt 22:42-45, Mk 12:35-37, Lk 20:42-44). Mary was also of David's line (Lk 1:27), and it was told her by the angel that Jesus would be given the throne of David (Lk 1:32). Zacharias saw in these events that God had raised up the horn of salvation in the house of David (Lk 1:69). Joseph and Mary moved from Galilee to Bethlehem, so as to register in the proper place for the census (Lk 2:4-5). There, the Christ was born (Lk 2:11). The people understood that Messiah would come from Bethlehem, and were confused by Jesus being a Nazarene (Lk 7:42-43). David prophesied of Judas (Ac 1:16), and of Messiah (Ac 2:25-31), and of the rebellion of the nations (Ac 4:25). David found favor with God, and longed to build Him a house (Ac 7:45-46). God raised up David as king, and considered him a man after His own heart, because David did God's will. Jesus came in fulfillment of promise, a son of this David (Ac 13:22-23). God spoke of it through David: "I will not suffer my Holy One to decay," yet David slept with his fathers. Still, Him whom God raised up did not suffer decay, and through Him our forgiveness is declared, through Him we are freed (Ac 13:34-39). He will return to complete the restoration of David's house, so that all mankind may seek God and call upon Him (Ac 15:16-17). Christ is David's descendant, as concerns the fleshly line of descent, yet is the true Son of God, as witnessed by the power of the resurrection (Ro 1:3-4, 2Ti 2:8). God fixed a particular day for us, a day in which to recognize Him. We see this in David's words, "Today if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts." It is "Today" (Heb 4:7). Christ has the key of David, that which opens beyond shutting, and shuts beyond opening (Rv 3:7). The Root of David, the Lion of Judah, has overcome (Rv 5:5)! "I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star" (Rv 22:16). [Note that this answers his question to the Pharisees back in Mt 22:42]
Nathan (6/24/04)
(Nathan [OT:5416]): from nathan [OT:5414]: to give. "Given." Second son of David in Jerusalem, older brother of Solomon (2Sa 5:14). There was, of course, another Nathan, prophet of God in the days of David, and among his counselors (2Sa 7, 2Sa 12). Another Nathan is noted as father of one of David's 30 mighty men (2Sa 23:36). When Solomon was king, two sons of Nathan were on his staff: Azariah over the deputies, and Zabud, from among the priests, a friend of the king. That Zabud was a priest suggests that it was Nathan the prophet who was their father (1Ki 4:5). God promises to pour out His Spirit on the house of David, the Spirit of grace and supplication, that they might look upon Him whom they pierced and mourn for Him. Their mourning will be great, all the land mourning, David's house by itself, and the house of Nathan by itself. The house of Levi, and the family of Shimei are also noted as mourning by themselves (Zech 12:10-13). I find no traces of his sons in the genealogies, but some of those can get tricky to follow.
Solomon (6/25/04-6/26/04)
(Shelomoh [OT:8010]): from shalowm [OT:7965]: from shalam [OT:7999]: to be safe, completed, friendly; safe, well, happy, health, peace. "Peaceful." Fourth son born to David in Jerusalem (2Sa 5:14), second son of Bathsheba [?], or so it appears (2Sa 12:24). When Adonijah declared himself king, he did not invite Solomon. Nathan the prophet, hearing of these events, counseled Bathsheba to speak to David, and have Solomon sworn in as his successor (1Ki 1:13-26). David concurred, having Solomon anointed by the priests and the prophets (1Ki 1:30-39). Jonathan, son of Abiather gave Adonijah the news, which put fear in the hearts of those who attended him. Indeed, Adonijah was afraid of what Solomon would do, and took refuge in the Sanctuary. Solomon declared that he would be perfectly safe, so long as he proved himself worthy, yet would he die if he proved wicked (1Ki 1:43-53). David left Solomon with a list of matters to resolve when he took the throne (1Ki 2:1-12). Adonijah convinced Bathsheba to talk to Solomon, trying to gain Abishag as a wife to himself (Abishag had been David's nurse towards the end). Bathsheba did so, but Solomon saw the threat in the request, and therefore condemned Adonijah to death for his treachery (1Ki 2:13-25). Abiathar and Joab, who had gone over to Adonijah, were also dealt with. Abiathar, being a priest, Solomon did not kill, but merely removed from the priesthood, ending the line of Eli. Joab was put to death by Benaiah, who became his successor in office (1Ki 2:26-34). Shimei, who had cursed David, was also killed for disobeying orders to remain in Jerusalem (1Ki 2:41-45). Most of these actions were taken upon David's final instructions. Solomon married for political purposes, yet he still loved the LORD and obeyed Him for the most part. God offered him an answered request, and Solomon chose wisdom over riches and power, that he might serve better. God was pleased to grant this (1Ki 3:1-15). Solomon appointed twelve deputies to provide for him from the regions of Israel (1Ki 4), and the region prospered under his reign. Even foreign kings gave their assistance as Solomon began construction on the Temple, although a great deal of the effort went to forced laborers from Israel itself (1Ki 5-7). The house he built for himself took 13 years to build, which appears to have been during the Temple construction. The Temple was dedicated in the seventh month (1Ki 8), and the cloud of God's glory filled the Temple. Solomon blessed the people, and then turned to the LORD, reminding Him of His covenant promises, and seeking His blessing upon the Temple, and those who worshiped there. No matter how dark the days, when they turn and pray, confessing Your name and repenting of their sins, hear and forgive, o God. He then turned and blessed Israel once more, reminding them to be wholly devoted to God, "so that all the peoples of the earth may know that the LORD is God; there is no one else." The LORD came to Solomon again, reiterating the covenant terms: obedience by the king would assure his kingdom, but turning from the King would lead to the cutting off of the land. Solomon gave the king of Tyre 20 cities in Galilee in return for his efforts on behalf of the construction, but Hiram didn't appreciate these cities at all (1Ki 9:1-13). Solomon had many construction projects going on in Israel (1Ki 9:15-28). The queen of Sheba came to see him because she had heard so much about him. She was duly impressed. Meanwhile riches poured into the house of Solomon, until he was richer than all other kings, and he was sought out from far and wide for his wisdom (1Ki 10). However, Solomon took many wives from among the surrounding nations, and in the end, this turned his heart towards their gods. God was not pleased. He reduced Solomon's legacy to but one of the twelve tribes of Israel, although He withheld His judgment until after Solomon was gone from the throne. Further, because of his faithlessness, the Edomites rose up again to harass Israel. There also arose opposition from within, in the man Jeroboam, who was on Solomon's own staff. But a prophet had told this one that he would be ruler of ten of the twelve tribes of Israel in punishment of their sins, for they had been worshiping a sorry list of vile idols. He received a promise not unlike that given to David - faithfulness on his part would establish a house for his name. Solomon tried to have this one killed, but he went to Egypt until Solomon was dead (1Ki 11). Solomon reigned for forty years, leaving Rehoboam as his successor. His son proved to lack his wisdom, and Jeroboam was indeed able to wrest most of Israel from his rule. God prevented any great bloodshed from happening at the time (1Ki 12). Rehoboam became king at 41, and reigned for 17 years (1Ki 14:21). During his time, the king of Egypt came and ransacked the Temple, taking the gold shields which Solomon had made (1Ki 14:26). Succeeding kings waxed and waned in their goodness, until eventually the sins of Israel were so great that God removed them utterly from the land, and all the treasures of the Temple went into exile with the people (2Ki 23-25). David had both prepared for, and instructed Solomon on the construction of the Temple before he died (1Ch 22). Solomon became David's successor by God's choosing (1Ch 28-29). Solomon authored a few of the psalms, much of the book of Proverbs, as well as the Song of Solomon and quite probably Ecclesiastes. Still, the full glory of Solomon at his richest did not touch that of the simple lily which God arrayed (Mt 6:28-29, Lk 12:27). The queen of Sheba will condemn this generation for not recognizing wisdom beyond that of Solomon when it stood amidst them (Mt 12:42, Lk 11:31). In the rebuilt Temple, there was a porch area named after Solomon, a popular spot for teachers (Jn 10:23, Ac 3:11). Solomon built God a house, but He does not truly live in manmade houses, but dwells in heaven with the earth serving at best as His footstool. How could we think to build Him a house who created everything (Ac 7:47-50)?
Uriah (6/26/04)
('Uwriyah [OT:223]): from 'uwr [OT:217]: from 'owr [OT:215]: to be or make light; flame, and Yahh [OT:3050]: from Yehovah [OT:3068]: from hayay [OT:1961]: to exist; self-Existent and Eternal God; The Lord. "flame of God," or "God is my light." A Hittite in David's employ, he was married to Bathsheba, daughter of Eliam (2Sa 11:3), who was in turn the son of Ahithophel (2Sa 23:34). [Eliam was also among David's mighty men.] Having violated his wife, David called him from the field and tried to give him opportunity to be with his wife, so as to cover up his sin, but Uriah was more righteous, and would not take pleasure while the rest of the army was in harm's way. He was eventually returned to the front carrying a message which was his own death sentence, calling for him to be put in the most dangerous place until such time as the enemy struck him down (2Sa 11). This act brought judgment upon David (2Sa 12). This was the one occasion in which David's actions were wrong in God's sight (1Ki 15:5).
Mattatha {Mattithiah} (6/26/04)
(Mattatha [3160]): maybe from Mattathias [3161]: from Mattithyah [OT:4993]: from mattath [OT:4991]: a present, and Yahh [OT:305]: God; "gift of God." There is a Mattithiah among the Korahites, who was put in charge of the pans of the Temple (1Ch 9:31). This may be the same one mentioned in 1Ch 15:18-21, as being among the horn players, or as a harpist (1Ch 16:5). This harpist (perhaps) is also noted in 1Ch 25:3. He was from the sons of Jeduthun, trained in prophetic harp. He was fourteenth of the 24 worship teams established for the Temple (1Ch 25).
Rehoboam (6/27/04)
(Rechab`am [OT:7346]): from rachab [OT:7337]: to broaden, and `am [OT:5971]: from `amam [OT:6004]: to overshadow, associate; a people, bribe, troop, flock. "a people has been enlarged." Official successor to Solomon (1Ki 11:43). Jeroboam returned from his Egyptian exile to request that Rehoboam ease the labors which Solomon had imposed on the people. Rehoboam consulted with those who had served Solomon, as well as his own younger compatriots, and rejected the people's plea, vowing instead to make their labors harder. Rehoboam's foolishness in this act was on account of the LORD, who was confirming His word to Jeroboam. Only Judah remained loyal to Rehoboam in light of this incident. The rebel sons of Israel killed Adoram, who had been in charge of forced labor, causing Rehoboam to flee to Jerusalem's safety. Meanwhile, the rebel tribes put Jeroboam in place as their king. Only Judah and Benjamin remained under Rehoboam's leadership. The Lord told Rehoboam not to battle with the remaining tribes over this split, as it was indeed God's own doing. Jeroboam, meanwhile set up alternate places of worship - one in Bethel, and one in Dan - lest the people return to Rehoboam when they went to Jerusalem to worship (1Ki 12). Rehoboam became king at 41, and served until he was 58 (1Ki 14:21), but he failed to prevent Judah from pursuing false gods in that time, and they made many altars to foreign gods. Thus, the Lord allowed the king of Egypt to successfully raid Jerusalem, and they took away the golden shields that Solomon had made. Rehoboam replaced these with shields of bronze (1Ki 14:25-29). In spite of God's command, battle raged between Rehoboam and Jeroboam (1Ki 14:30, 15:6). Rehoboam reinforced many cities to defend Judah, among them Bethlehem, Tekoa, Adullam, and Hebron (2Ch 11:5-10). Among the tribes that went over to Jeroboam, there were those who still sought the LORD. These returned to Jerusalem, and to Rehoboam. This was particularly true of the Levites who were excluded from their proper work under Jeroboam's rule (2Ch 11:13-17). Rehoboam married a daughter of Jerimoth and Abihail. Jerimoth was David's son, and Abihail was Eliab's daughter, Eliab being one of Jesse's sons, therefore David's brother. He also married Absalom's daughter Maacah. It was her firstborn who became his successor. In all, he had 18 wives, and had 28 sons and 60 daughters, but Maacah remained his favorite (2Ch 11:18-22). However, Rehoboam's strength led to him forsaking the LORD, so the king of Egypt was sent as a wake up call (2Ch 12:1-5). It worked for a time. The summary of his reign is that he did evil because his heart was not set on seeking God (2Ch 12:15).
Menna (6/26/04)
(Menna [3404a]): no translation given. No mention beyond Luke's account.
Abijah (6/27/04)
(`Abiyah [OT:29]): from `ab [OT:1]: father, and Yahh [OT:305]: God. "God is my father." Samuel had a son named Abijah, but that son did not prove faithful, but perverted justice for profit (1Sa 8:1-3). Jeroboam also had a son named Abijah. Yet he was struck sick and died, for the LORD had determined that Jeroboam was worse than those he replaced, and vowed to wipe his family from power immediately, that He might choose another king. He warned that Israel would be scattered in foreign lands because of their faithlessness (1Ki 14:1-18). Yet another Abijah was wife to Hezron, mother of Ashhur to whom was born Tekoa (1Ch 2:24). However, the one we pursue here is Rehoboam's son, Asa's father (1Ch 3:10). The house of Abijah (presumably son of Samuel), was the 8th order in the order of Levites (1Ch 24:10). He was first son of Maacah, daughter of Absalom, although not the first son of Rehoboam. Still, he was appointed as successor (2Ch 11:20-22), which role he took up after 18 years of Rehoboam's rule, and remained in that role for only 3 years (2Ch 12:16-13:2). Maacah is here referred to as Micaiah, and declared to be daughter of Uriel of Gibeah, presumably her mother. Abijah joined battle against Jeroboam, though he faced 2:1 odds. He began by pointing out God's disgust with what Jeroboam had done in rebelling against the anointed house of David. He pointed out that in resisting the rightful king, he was resisting God, whom he was already provoking with his idolatrous institutes of worship. Jeroboam thought himself secure inasmuch as he had set a clever ambush, but the men of Judah had God, and He gave the rebels into their hands. Judah succeeded because they trusted the LORD. Jeroboam never recovered from this loss, and he was killed in Abijah's time. Abijah, meanwhile had 14 wives, 22 sons, and 16 daughters. We are referred to the works of a prophet by the name of Iddo for further details on Abijah's reign (2Ch 13). Asa was Abijah's successor (2Ch 14:1). Another Abijah was Zechariah's daughter and Hezekiah's mother (2Ch 29:1). Note that Abijah's division amongst the Levites was that in which Zacharias served (Lk 1:5).
Melea (6/26/04)
(Meleas [3190]): again, no translation is given, nor is there any further mention.
Asa (6/27/04-6/28/04)
('aca' [OT:609]): "healer." He took over the throne 20 years after Israel split, and ruled for 41 years, doing right in God's sight. He caused the idols to be destroyed, and even removed his mother as queen mother because she worshiped idols. These, he destroyed as well. In that time, Baasha ruled Israel, and the two were at war constantly. Baasha actually fortified Ramah to prevent his own people from going over to Judah. Asa was able to turn the king of Aram (Syria) against Israel, with whom he had a treaty, which caused Baasha to back off a bit. Asa raided the construction in Ramah and took the materials to fortify Geba and Mizpah. Asa had diseased feet. He was succeeded by Jehoshaphat. Meanwhile, in Israel, Jeroboam was succeeded by his son Nadab, but Nadab only ruled for two years before Baasha of Issachar killed him and took his place (1Ki 15). Baasha was replaced by his son Elah, who ruled for two years before Zimri, his commander killed him and took the throne (1Ki 16:8-10). Yet Zimri's rule lasted a mere 7 days before the people established Omri in his place (1Ki 16:15-18). Omri was followed by Ahab (1Ki 16:29). Jehoshaphat took the throne four years after Ahab began his rule in Israel. He was 35 at the time, and continued his reign to the age of 60. He was son of Azubah, daughter of Shilhi, and he, too, did what was right in God's sight (1Ki 22:41-43). Azariah son of Oded prophesied over Asa that God would allow those who sought Him to find Him, yet He would forsake those who forsook Him (2Ch 15:1-8). Asa, encouraged by this word, redoubled his efforts to cleanse the land of idolatry. The nation of Judah entered covenant with God (2Ki 15:12). The one thing said against Asa is that when his feet were diseased he sought physicians rather than the LORD (2Ch 16:12). Asa had made a cistern in Mizpah as part of the fortifications against Baasha (Jer 41:9).
Eliakim (6/28/04)
('Elyaqiym' [OT:471]): from 'el [OT:410]: from 'ayil [OT:352]: strength, or what is strong, like a chief or a ram or a pilaster; strength, the Almighty, and quwm [OT:6965]: to rise. "God of raising," or "God raises, God sets up." The first Eliakim seen is one who was in charge of the household staff under Hezekiah. This one was son of Hilkiah. This, of course, is well down the line, yet, so cannot be the one Luke speaks of (2Ki 18:18). He was one of those sent to speak with Rabshakeh during the siege of Jerusalem (2Ki 18:26-37). Having heard Rabshakeh's reaction, Eliakim was also sent to speak to Isaiah, and seek the word of the LORD (2Ki 19:2). Jehoiakim, who was put on the throne of Israel by Pharaoh Neco, was originally named Eliakim. He was Josiah's son, and brother of Jehoahaz (2Ki 23:34, 2Ch 36:4). There was another Eliakim among the priests who returned to Jerusalem with Nehemiah (Ne 12:41). In Isaiah 22, the oracle spoken clearly deals with Jerusalem in Hezekiah's time, although the specific target of the prophecy is not entirely clear. It is noted, however that Eliakim, son of Hilkiah is to be placed in authority of some form, given 'your tunic and your sash and your authority' (Isa 22:20-21). This may have been a message to Shebna, but this is not clear to me. Yes, I think it is directed at him, especially as Shebna is noted in that chapter as being in charge of the king's household, a task assigned to Eliakim in other places. At any rate, it is said that the 'key of the house of David' will be entrusted to him. He is called a peg firmly driven, a throne of glory to his father's house. Yet, it is also said that in the end, even that firm peg will give way, and all that depend from it will be cut off. Shebna, by the way, is elsewhere but a scribe (Isa 36:3). Another Eliakim is noted by Matthew as being in the line of descent from Zerubbabel, but of this there is no confirmation either (Mt 1:13).
Jehoshaphat (6/28/04-6/29/04)
(Yehowshaphat [OT:3092]): from Yehovah [OT:3068]: the self-Existent and Eternal God, and shaphat [OT:8199]: to judge, pronounce sentence. "God has judged." First one noted is a son of Ahilud, who served as recorder for David (2Sa 8:16, 2Sa 20:24) and for Solomon (1Ki 4:3). Another, son of Paruah of the tribe of Issachar was among the twelve appointed to provide for Solomon's needs (1Ki 4:17). Now comes the one we wish to pursue: son of Asa (1Ki 15:24). For three years, Aram and Israel were at peace, when Jehoshaphat came to visit, and to offer his help in regaining Ramoth-gilead from Aram. Jehoshaphat wanted to seek the LORD first, so the king of Israel [not even given name in this passage] brought out hundreds of 'prophets,' who all declared propitious results for him, but Jehoshaphat insisted on hearing a true prophet. One Micaiah was mentioned, but he was not mentioned favorably, because his prophecies were against Israel, and not for good. At first, Micaiah spoke as the others, but he was adjured to speak truly, and then his message was against success. They would be scattered like sheep with no master. Micaiah established his credential, and made clear that the LORD had sent a deceiving spirit to entice Ahab into attacking Ramoth-gilead [the un-named king is now named.] Zedekiah, of the false prophets took offense at this, but Micaiah stood firm. Ahab had him imprisoned for his word. The two kings went to battle, Ahab disguised, but Jehoshaphat not so. This led the enemy to focus on Jehoshaphat. In spite of the deception, Ahab was hit, dying that evening. Dogs licked up his blood from the washing of his chariot, fulfilling the LORD's word. Jehoshaphat had begun his rule in Ahab's fourth year when he was 35. He ruled for 25 years. Mother's name: Azubah, daughter of Shilhi. He maintained peace with Israel, and pursued God, removing the last of the sodomites from the land. Edom, at the time, was without king. Jehoshaphat tried to send ships to Ophir to retrieve gold, but they did not make it, being broken by Ezion-geber. Ahaziah, son of Ahab tried to convince him to send the ships again with some of his staff on board, but Jehoshaphat would not. Ahaziah had come to power in the 17th year of Jehoshaphat's reign. Jehoshaphat was succeeded by his son Jehoram (1Ki 22). Azahiah died sonless by the LORD's word from Elijah. So, another Jehoram became ruler in Israel (2Ki 1:17). This occurred in the 18th year of Jehoshaphat's reign (2Ki 3:1). This king sought Jehoshaphat's aid against Moab, which he agreed to, joined also with Edom. Again, Jehoshaphat sought the LORD, hearing this time from Elisha. Elisha was not willing to have dealings with the king of Israel, sending him to his own prophets, but because of Jehoshaphat's presence, he was willing. Elisha delivered a short-term prophecy regarding the valley being filled with waters that no man brought. He also prophesied victory. The short-term prophecy was confirmed the next day. Moab was confused, and routed (2Ki 3). Jehoram of Judah became king in the 5th year of Jehoram of Israel's reign (2Ki 8:16). Elisha was sent to speak to Jehu, son of another Jehoshaphat who was in turn Nimshi's son (2Ki 9:1-3). While of a near period to the above narrative, this does appear to be a different family. Jehu was anointed to be king over Israel. This caused Jehu to begin conspiring against Jehoram of Israel while he was with his troops defending against Aram (2Ki 9:14). The LORD was with Jehoshaphat because he followed David's example (2Ch 17:3-5). He was allied by marriage with Ahab, which led to his participating in battle with that king (2Ch 18). A different Jehu, son of Hanani, prophesied to Jehoshaphat as he returned from that battle, warning him against supporting the wicked king of Israel any further. He turned his attention, instead, to bringing Judah back to righteousness before the LORD (2Ch 19). When Moab threatened Judah, Jehoshaphat called for a national fast, which call was heeded. He prayed long, and was answered by the LORD through the mouth of Zechariah's son Jahaziel. Herein lies the message that the battle is not ours but God's. The people were told to stand and see salvation. They went to meet the enemy at Tekoa, where Jehoshaphat placed the worshipers on the front line to sing praises and thanksgiving to God. The enemy fell upon each other at the LORD's prompting, and when Judah came to their camps, all that was left was corpses and spoil. The Chronicler sums up Jehoshaphat's reign with one black mark - that he allied himself with Ahaziah of Israel. This is laid as the cause for his ships being destroyed when he sought to go to Tarshish (2Ch 20). The place of judgment is given as the valley of Jehoshaphat (Joel 3:2, 3:12).
Jonam (6/29/04)
(Ionam [2494]): listed as possibly being Joannes, Jochanan, or Jonas, Jonah. The popular trend seems to lean towards Jonah. The name, as given here, is otherwise unknown in Scripture. There is but one Jonah. In 2Ki 14:25, it is noted that Jeroboam's recovery of Israel's borders was in accord with a word given through Jonah, son of Amittai, who was a prophet. This is the same Jonah of whom we read in the book bearing his name, who went, however reluctantly, to Ninevah bearing God's word. Not willing that God's mercy should be displayed to these enemies of Israel, Jonah sought to avoid the mission, to run away. But God brought him back to his course, and the word was given. Then, Jonah was upset that Ninevah indeed repented, and complained of it. God made plain to him that the prophet must have compassion, even as God does (Jnh). Jonah's three days in the belly of the fish is taken as a type for Jesus' own period in the land of the dead. He declares that this is the only sign that shall be given in validation of His ministry (Mt 12:39-41, Mt 16:4, Lk 11:29-32).
Joram {Jehoram} (6/29/04)
(Yowram [OT:3141]): or Yehowram [OT:3088]: from Yehovah [OT:3068]: God self-Existent and Eternal, and ruwm [OT:7311]: to rise or raise. "God is exalted." This gets a bit messy, as there are two by this name in the same general period, the one a son of Ahab, and the other a son of Jehoshaphat, both kings. Things are made even messier because they are both referred to by both forms of their name. Jehoshaphat's son became king at his father's death (1Ki 22:50). Around the same time, Ahab's son Ahaziah having died without heir, another Jehoram was set up as king in Israel. This occurred either two years into the reign of the first in Judah (2Ki 1:17), or the 18th of Jehoshaphat (2Ki 3:1). He who replaced Ahaziah was another of Ahab's sons, and he showed it by his sinfulness (2Ki 3:1-3). It is recorded that Jehoshaphat went with him in battle against Moab (2Ki 3:6). Later, it is indicated that Jehoram of Judah took the throne five years into the reign of Joram son of Ahab in Israel (2Ki 8:16). He reigned for 8 years, but not well. He married Ahab's daughter, and behaved as a son of Ahab himself. Under his leadership, Judah lost control of Edom, and Libnah also revolted. He was succeeded by his son Ahaziah in the 12th year of Joram's reign in Israel (2Ki 8:16-25). Ahaziah joined Joram of Israel in fighting against Aram, wherein Joram was wounded (2Ki 8:26-29). When Joram returned to Jezreel to be healed of his wounds, Jehu was raised up to strike him down. Jehu struck down Joram by an arrow as he fled in his chariot. Ahaziah being there to visit had accompanied Joram to this confrontation and now fled. He too was wounded by arrow, but fled on to Megiddo before dying (2Ki 9:1-29). When Ahaziah died in Judah, his mother began killing off all his descendants (for reasons unknown), but his sister Jehosheba took his son Joash (aka Jehoash) and hid him from the destruction. For the next six years, the mother of Ahaziah reigned (2Ki 11:1-4). Joash then took up his reign. It is recorded that he took many of the sacred items stored up by his three successors (not including mom), and used them to pay off the king of Aram (2Ki 12:18). It is then recorded that he was killed by conspirators amongst his own staff (2Ki 12:20). Another Joram is noted among the descendants of Eliezer (1Ch 26:25). Another is noted as a priest in Judah during Jehoshaphat's reign (2Ch 17:8). It is noted that Jehoram of Judah killed all his brothers when he took the throne (2Ch 21:2-7). Elijah's prophecy came against him: because of his killing his own family, because he led Judah into idolatry, he, his sons, his wives, his possessions, would all suffer calamity. Himself, he was told would die from a bowel disorder (2Ch 21:12-15). Shortly thereafter, the Philistines and the Arabs attacked successfully, and took away all his household and their possessions, leaving only Jehoahaz, his youngest son. There followed the promised illness of which he died after two years. He reigned for 8 years, "and he departed with no one's regret." He was not buried in the tomb of the kings. (2Ch 21:16-20). In the next chapter, Joram's youngest is named as Ahaziah (2Ch 22:1), clearly referring to the same sole-survivor of the Arab attack. Jehosheba, who hid Ahaziah's son from his mother's slaughter, was the wife of Jehoiada the priest, who later worked to put this son on the throne of Judah (2Ch 22:11).
Joseph (6/29/04)
(Yowceph [OT:3130]): from yacaph [OT:3254]: to add or augment. "let him add," or "God has added." The most famous of the Josephs is clearly not the one spoken of here. Another is noted among the tribe of Issachar, and numbered amongst those sent to spy out the land (ergo, amongst those who brought back a bad report) (Nu 13:7). It is noteworthy that according to the Chronicler, Reuben having lost the right of first-born due to his actions, the birthright fell to Joseph - this in spite of Judah having been declared the ruling house (1Ch 5:1-2). The next Joseph encountered is amongst the sons of Asaph appointed by David to prophesy with instruments (1Ch 25:1-2). His was the second of the 24 ranks (1Ch 25:9). Another Joseph or two are listed in the period of the restoration, but these would be too late in the histories for this point in the genealogy (Ezr 10;42, Ne 12:14). Then, of course, there is the husband of Mary, but his turn comes later.
Joash {Jehoash} (6/30/04) [not in genealogies]
(Yow'ash [OT:3101]): "given by the Lord." The first Joash we encounter is the father of Gideon (Jdg 6-8). The second is son of Ahaziah, who was given charge of Micaiah the prophet when he prophesied to Ahab and Ahaziah (1Ki 22:26). He was hidden by Jehosheba when Ahaziah died, because Athaliah was seeking to kill all of the royal line. She ruled for six years, while Joash was hidden away in the Temple by Jehoiada (1Ki 11:2-4). He became king when only 7 years old, in the 7th year of the reign of Jehu in Israel. He ruled for 40 years. Mother: Zibiah of Beersheba. He was a good king, having been raised under priestly instruction. He tasked the priests with repairing the Temple, but after 23 years, nothing had been done, so Joash took alternate methods to see to the matter (2Ki 12:1-16). Later, under threat of attack from the king of Aram, Joash took the sacred items of the temple to use as payoff, turning the threat aside. He was later killed by his own servants (2Ki 12:17-21). Another Joash succeeded Jehoahaz as king in Israel, but he was of a far different character. Yet, he came to Elisha in sorrow when Elisha was dying. His dying prophecy was of a partial victory over Aram (2Ki 13). During the time of Joash's reign, Jehoiada died, at 130 years old. After his death, Judah quickly reverted to their idolatries, and Joash did not restrain them. Prophets were sent to call the people to their senses, among them Jehoiada's son Zechariah. Joash himself ordered Zechariah killed, and so it was done in the very courtyards of the Temple. Zechariah, in his death, cried for the LORD's vengeance upon his murder. Soon, the Arameans came, reaching Jerusalem itself in their attack, and killing many officials.. It is noted that their army was too small to justify such victories, except the LORD had sent them for judgment. Joash was a sick man by the time they had departed, and his own servants took revenge upon him for his treatment of Zechariah, murdering him in his sleep. He was not buried with the kings. He was succeeded by his son Amaziah. It is noted that there were many oracles against Joash, recorded in the Book of the Kings (2Ch 24).
Amaziah ( 7/1/04)
('Amatsyah [OT:558]): from 'amats [OT:553]: to be alert, and Yahh [OT:3050]: God. "Strength of God," or "God is mighty." Reigned during the reign of Joash in Israel, who fought constantly with him (2Ki 13:12). Reign began in second year of Joash's rule over Israel (2Ki 14:1). Ruled for 25 years. Mother: Jehoaddin of Jerusalem. Did right in God's sight, but not another David, he. He avenged his father's death upon the servants who had killed him, leaving their sons alive in accord with Mosaic Law. He also handed Edom a healthy defeat at the Dead Sea, then turned himself to harass Israel. Joash tried to reject the challenge, but Amaziah insisted, and they met at Beth-shemesh in Judah. Israel won, and Amaziah was captured. His army proceeded to destroy a portion of Jerusalem's walls before taking the king, his family treasures, and the Temple treasures to Samaria. (2Ki 14:2-15). After Joash died, it appears Amaziah was returned to Judah, but they did not particularly want him. Conspiracy in Jerusalem led him to head for Lachish, but the conspiracy followed him and killed him there, setting Azariah his son up in his place (2Ki 14:17-21). Amaziah had hired soldiers from Israel in preparation for the battle with Edom, but was warned by a prophet not to use them, so he sent them home. This caused offense in those troops, so while the battle was on by the Dead Sea, they raided Judean cities nearer to Samaria. Amaziah seems to have lost it after his victory over Edom, and took to worshiping their gods, and rejecting prophetic counsel. This is the background story which led to his challenge and loss to Israel (2Ch 25). Another Amaziah shows up among the priests at Bethel in Israel. He spoke counter to Amos the prophet (Am 7:1-14).
Uzziah {Azariah?}(6/30/04-7/1/04)
(`Uzziyah [OT:5818]): from `oz [OT:5797]: from `azaz [OT:5810]: to be stout; strength, and Yahh [OT:3050]: God. "God is my strength." Succeeded by his son Jotham (2Ki 15:32). Another Uzziah is found amongst the sons of Kohath (1Ch 6:24). Son of Amaziah, king at 16, reigned 52 years, mother's name: Jechiliah (2Ch 26:1-3). [NOTE: There are a couple of generations missing in this list. I will cover them before proceeding to Uzziah, just for completeness' sake.] He worked to restore some of the cities of Judah (2Ki 14:21). He was installed as king in the 27th year of Jeroboam's rule over Israel (another Jeroboam, son of Joash). Mother's name given here as Jecoliah. He was a righteous king, although he did not do away with the high places. By the LORD's doing, he was a leper, living apart in a separate house with his son Jotham running things in his stead. Jeroboam's reign ended, and Zechariah's began in Israel during his tenure (2Ki 15:1-8). He was succeeded taken out by conspirators, fulfilling the word of God to Jehu, which indicated that he would hold the throne for four generations only. They put one Shallum on the throne of Israel in his place, but he lasted no more than a month before conspiracy also removed him, Menahem taking his place. (2Ki 15:9-22). Other Azariahs appear in the line of Zadok and Hilkiah, leading down the Jehozadak who went with the Exile (1Ch 6:9-14). Another Azariah, son of Oded, spoke God's word to Asa (2Ch 15:1), leading Asa to remove the idols from Judah (2Ch 15:8). Another Azariah was Jehoshaphat's son (2Ch 21:2). Another worked with Jehoiada in setting Joash on the throne (2Ch 23:1). During Uzziah's reign, he benefited from having a number of prophets about, including Zechariah. He took the cities of Gath and Ashdod from the Philistines, and also mounted successful attacks against the Arabians. Amon also sent tribute, and even in Egypt, he was known. Uzziah strengthened the walls of Jerusalem, and kept Judah's army well outfitted. Unfortunately, strength corrupted his heart, and he went to offer incense on the altar of the Temple, a task reserved to the priests. Azariah (possibly one of the two noted in 1Ch 6) and several other valiant priests confronted Uzziah on that occasion, but Uzziah was insistent. It was at this point that his leprosy struck, breaking out on his forehead before their eyes. This got Uzziah's attention, and he allowed himself to be quickly removed from the Temple. That leprosy remained with him for life, and he could no longer enter the Temple (2Ch 26). One of the Azariahs in Zadok's line was chief priest in Hezekiah's day (2Ch 31:10-13). This one was Ezra's grandfather (Ezr 7:1-3). Is he the one that accompanied Zerubbabel on his return (Ne 7:7)? Quite possibly. He was also there to read and explain the rediscovered law to the people (Ne 8:7). An Azariah occurs in the line of Nehemiah, from among the priestly lines. Could possibly be one of that pair in Hilkiah's line as well (Ne 10:1-2). Isaiah's prophetic ministry began in Uzziah's reign (Isa 1:1). Another Azariah occurs amongst the arrogant men who accused Jeremiah of lying (Jer 43:2). Another was one of Daniel's three companions who walked in the fire (Da 1:6-7). Hosea was also prophet during Uzziah's reign (Hos 1:1), as was Amos (Am 1:1), and Zechariah (Zec 14:5).
Judah (7/1/04)
No reference is to be found to a man by this name during the period required.
Jotham (7/2/04)
(Yowtham [OT:3147]): from Yehovah [OT:3068]: God self-Existent and Eternal, and tam [OT:8535]: from tamam [OT:8552]: to complete; pious, morally complete, gentle. "God is perfect." First encounter: one Jotham son of Jerubbaal, sole survivor when Abimelech murdered his brother's sons (70 of them). Jotham spoke a curse over the people of that place for aiding Abimelech in his schemes, then fled to Beer. After a few years, the folks who supported Abimelech began scheming against him, but he caught wind of it and set an ambush for them. Abimelech's revenge would not stop. He destroyed cities, and pursued his enemies who had retreated to a tower. Abimelech planned to burn them out but a woman in the tower threw down a millstone which caught him in the head. Thus was Jotham's word shown true (Jdg 9). The Jotham with which we are directly concerned began his work before his father's death, running the royal house and judging the people in his father's stead because of Uzziah's leprosy (2Ki 15:5-7). He took the throne in earnest at age 25, ruling for 16 years. Mother: Jerusha, daughter of Zadok. He was a good king, and he rebuilt one of the Temple gates (2Ki 15:30-38). Apparently, there was a genealogical enrollment that took place during his reign (1Ch 5:17). Jotham built new cities amongst the hills of Judah, as well as new fortresses and towers. He took the battle to the Ammonites and prevailed. He was mighty "because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God." He was succeeded by Ahaz (1Ch 27). Isaiah (Isa 1:1), Hosea (Hos 1:1), and Micah (Mic 1:1) all prophesied during his reign.
Simeon (7/2/04)
Again, there is no reference to a Simeon from the appropriate period.
Ahaz (7/2/04)
('Achaz [OT:271]): from 'achaz [OT:270]: to seize and hold as possession. "Possessor," or "he has grasped." King at 20, ruled 16 years. Failed to follow God, indeed passed his son through the fire in accord with the rites of Chemosh and Molech. Aram and Israel joined in war against him, but could not win, although Aram did recover some territory. Ahaz sought the help of Assyria, sending them a gift from out of the treasures of the Temple. Assyria agreed, and went to battle against Damascus of Aram, killing their king. Ahaz met Tiglath-pileser in Damascus, and was impressed by an altar seen there, sending word back to have one like it made for him. This altar he caused to have set up in the Temple in the place of the proper service, and in many other ways he corrupted the Temple order with the connivance of the priests (2Ki 16). Somewhere, there was a stairway named for Ahaz (2Ki 20:11). He apparently also added an upper chamber to the Temple where he set up altars to false gods (2Ki 23:13). The Chronicler declares that Aram defeated Ahaz, in spite of his not completely subduing Judah. Yet he took many captives, and caused many casualties, along with the army of Israel. His son was lost in this battle, as was his second in command. The Israelis took many women and children, as well as a fair amount of material plunder. However the prophet Oded met them on their way back to Samaria, and warned them against keeping their captives. Some among the Israelis stood with Oded, and the army was convinced to leave the captives and their spoil at Jericho. The Chronicler also claims that the offering sent to Assyria did not help. As Ahaz's distress grew, so did his unfaithfulness, sacrificing to the gods of Damascus, inasmuch as Damascus had prevailed against him. [lesson here! Beware attributing your defeats to the strength of your opponent. Check yourself!] Here, it is recorded that he even went so far as to close off the Temple as he pursued his idolatries (2Ch 28). His damages to the Temple were repaired in Hezekiah's reign (2Ch 29:20). Isaiah (Isa 1:1), Hosea (Hos 1:1), and Micah (Mic 1:1) all prophesied during his reign. Isaiah, in particular, prophesied for him to remain strong when Aram and Israel were attacking. In the course of this particular prophecy, it is said that Ephraim will be destroyed within 65 years. Isaiah offered him his choice of signs as to the veracity of the prophet, but he would not choose. In reaction to this refusal, God declares the sign: a virgin birth, a son named Immanuel (Isa 7). At his death another prophecy came, warning the Philistines against rejoicing at his death. Security was prophesied for the needy in Jerusalem, and Philistia's destruction predicted by 'smoke from the north' (Isa 14:28-32).
Levi (7/2/04)
Again, no reference to be found to Levi in the period required. [NOTE: given that the last three references from Luke have been to the tribes of Judah, could this be the intended point: That Jesus' lineage maintained ties to the royal tribe of Judah, the priestly tribe of Levi, and Simeon? Simeon, by Israel's foresight was declared Levi's brother - prophets as brothers to priests? Simeon also had a share in Judah's inheritance (Jos 19:9).]
Hezekiah {Hizkiah, Hizkijah} (7/2/04-7/3/04)
(Chizqiyah [OT:2396]): from chazaq [OT:2388]: to seize, to be strong, and Yahh [OT:3050]: God Almighty. "God is my strength." Came to power when Hoshea ruled in Israel, at age 25, born to Zechariah's daughter Abi. He ruled 29 years, approved of God. He went further than his predecessors, even going so far as removing the high places which none of the earlier reformers had dealt with. He also had to destroy the serpent Moses had made at God's command because it had become an idol to the people. "He clung to the Lord, and did not depart from following Him." He took Judah out from under Assyrian domination, drove the Philistines from Gaza. During his reign, Israel fell to the Assyrians, exiled to the cities of Media. Then, Assyria turned to Judah, taking many of the fortifications, including Lachish. Complete destruction was warded off by payment of ransom, which again required raiding the stores of the temple, when the royal treasuries had been depleted. Even with that, the armies came again. They tried to turn the people against Hezekiah by reminding them that he had destroyed the high places, and blaming their current situation on the gods. They made the mistake of thinking God to be like all the other gods, who of course had done nothing against them. But Hezekiah prayed. Isaiah sent counsel to him in his distress, which proved to be true counsel. God reminds Israel, and through them Assyria, that all of Assyria's proud accomplishments were done by His planning anyway, and their end was also in His planning. Judah would be saved, and it would be the "zeal of the LORD" which would accomplish it. In the morning, Assyria's army was found destroyed in its own camps. Shortly thereafter, the king of Assyria was killed by his own people (2Ki 18-19). Hezekiah became sick unto death, but again he prayed. Once more, it fell to Isaiah to bear God's word to him, that he would be given another 15 years to live. Interesting. There is another 'on the third day' in the restoration of Hezekiah to life and health (2Ki 20:5). However, Hezekiah shortly thereafter showed the Babylonians his treasures, which was somewhat foolish on his part. God's word came, telling him that the entire royal household would be taken to Babylon in the future, that his own descendants would be found as officials in Babylon's palace. Hezekiah apparently missed the warning note in this message (2Ki 20). By Hezekiah's instruction, the Temple was cleansed and properly sanctified. He then brought the chief people of the city to the Temple to make sin offerings, including one to purge the altar itself. This offering was made to atone not only for Judah but also for Israel. The sacrifice was accompanied by Levitical music and song to the LORD, and by the shofars. After a period of praises, thanksgiving sacrifices were made, so much so that the priests alone could not keep up with the duties of sacrifice, and called the Levites in to help. "For the Levites were more conscientious to consecrate themselves than the priests" (2Ch 29). Passover was reestablished, and Hezekiah invited all Israel to return for that holy day. Most laughed off the invitation, but some were humbled and came. By God's hand, Judah was of one heart to pursue the course Hezekiah set. Many in the crowds that came had not properly purified themselves according to Temple law, but Hezekiah's prayer was that those whose hearts were set on seeking God would be found acceptable in His sight in spite of this outward lack. "The LORD heard Hezekiah and healed the people." This celebration of God's goodness continued for 14 days, the seven appointed and another seven besides because their joy could not be contained (2Ch 30). Church order was restored, and the people began to tithe as they ought. So great was the inflow that it rapidly turned to overabundance. Hezekiah saw to it that portions were distributed to every member of every Levitical and priestly family, wherever they were (2Ch 31). With Assyria threatening, Judah went to work to stop up all the springs and streams from which their army might take water. The walls of Jerusalem were strengthened in preparation. "Their army is but flesh, but we have the LORD to fight our battles." Here, it is noted that Sennacherib's death came by his own children. Hezekiah had become proud for a time when God restored his health, which angered God, but he later humbled himself once more in spite of his great wealth (2Ch 32). It was by his command that latter portions of Solomon's proverbs were transcribed (Pr 25:1). Micah and Hosea were also prophesying during Hezekiah's reign (Hos 1:1, Mic 1:1), although much more is found of Isaiah. He also records the events of God's deliverance of Jerusalem from Assyrian attack (Isa 36-37), as well as Hezekiah's later years (Isa 38-39).
Matthat (7/3/04)
Not found except in Luke's list.
Manasseh (7/3/04)
(Menashsheh [OT:4519]): from nashah [OT:5382]: to forget, neglect, remove. "Causing to forget." Name of Joseph's first-born, as he caused Joseph to forget all his previous troubles (Ge 41:51). Jacob claimed him as one of his own sons (Ge 48:5), but his blessing gave Ephraim precedence (Ge 48:20). This particular Manasseh, however became king at age 12, and reigned for 55 years, born to Hephzibah. He was an abomination in God's sight, who rebuilt the high places, and made altars to Baal and Asherah. Every evil that could be imagined, he did - witchcraft, divination, burning his own children to the idols, even setting up his idolatrous images in the very house of the LORD. So poorly did he lead Judah that their evil outstripped even that of the nations God had destroyed in making them a place. Prophets were sent to speak of the danger. He was not buried in the tomb of the kings, but in his own garden (2Ki 21). So angered was God by Manasseh's ways that even the righteousness of his grandson Josiah was insufficient to turn aside God's wrath (2Ki 23:26). "The LORD spoke […] but they paid no attention." Manasseh was taken by the army of Assyria, and brought to Babylon. This caused him to seek God with all humility, and he was heard. God restored him to Jerusalem, and then he "knew that the LORD was God." He removed his idols and altars and destroyed them, restoring the altar of the LORD, and ordering Judah to return to the LORD. Yet, the people remained in their habits (2Ch 33). God's word was firmly against Judah because of Manasseh's vile practices (Jer 15:4).
Jorim (7/3/04)
Another name not found elsewhere. Could be Joram, but that would tie him into the line of Israel. Not impossible, one supposes.
Amon (7/3/04)
('Amown [OT:526]): from 'aman [OT:539]: to build up or support. "skilled workman." King at 22, ruled for 2 years, mother: Meshullemeth daughter of Haruz of Jotbah. Bad king. Killed by his servants. The people installed his son Josiah on the throne. Not buried in the tomb of kings (2Ki 21:18-26).
Eliezer (7/3/04)
('Eliy`ezer [OT:461]): from 'el [OT:410]: God Almighty, and `ezer [OT:5828]: from `azar [OT:5826]: to surround, protect; aid. "God of help," "God is help." Abram's servant (Ge 15:2). One of two sons of Moses and Zipporah (Ex 18:3). Also found in the descendants of Benjamin (1Ch 7:8), among his grandsons. Another served as priest in David's time (1Ch 15:24). Eliezer, son of Moses had only one son (1Ch 23:17). Another is found among the sons of Reuben (1Ch 27:16). Another shows up as a prophet during Jehoshaphat's reign (2Ch 20:37). Yet another shows up amongst the priests when the Exile was ended (Ezr 10:18).
Josiah (7/4/04)
(Yo'shiyah [OT:2977]): from ashuwyah [803]: foundation, and Yahh [OT:3050]: God. "founded of God," "Whom God heals." An unnamed prophet spoke of Josiah by name when Jeroboam first set up the false altar in Bethel. It was prophesied that he would kill the priests of the high places on that very altar (1Ki 13:1-5). Those who killed his father were themselves put to death before the people installed Josiah on the throne (2Ki 21:24-26). He was only 8 when he took to the throne, and ruled 31 years. Mother: Jedidah, daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath. Good king, unswervingly good. He saw to it that the Temple was properly repaired, and in that time Hilkiah discovered the book of the Law. Great concern was raised by reading this Law, and recognizing how far they had strayed. They sought out Huldah the prophetess. God confirmed his wrath against the idolatries of Judah, but to Josiah himself, God sent words of encouragement, that the due punishment would not come during his reign (2Ki 22). Alongside the king, the elders of Jerusalem entered covenant once more with God. Josiah moved swiftly to clear the altars and the Asherah out of the Temple, eliminated the cult prostitutes, and saw to it that the high places were defiled and destroyed. High places had even been built upon the very gates of the city, but these too were destroyed. Yet, the false priests would not return to God. He furthermore desecrated the Topheth upon which people had put their own children in the fire for Molech. All forms of idolatry he dismantled and destroyed. He even proceeded to the altar at Bethel, and had it ground to dust, had the Asherah burned. During this destruction, he noted graves on the mountain of Bethel, and ordered the bones of those graves burned on what was left of the altar. Moving through Samaria, he destroyed all the high places, killed the associated priests, and burned human bones on their altars to desecrate them. With that, he returned to Jerusalem and prepared for Passover. His reforms continued, eliminating every spiritist, everything that was not proper in the ways of God, yet God's wrath remained against Judah because of all that had occurred under Manasseh's reign. He was killed by Pharaoh Neco of Egypt at Megiddo, when Neco was going to confront the Assyrians. Jehoahaz was made king in his place (2Ki 23:1-30). Jeremiah sang a lament for Josiah, this is the subject of Lamentations (2Ch 35:25). Joahaz is named as his successor and son in the Chronicles. Jeremiah's ministry came in the days of Josiah, beginning in the 13th year of his reign, and continued through Jehoiakim's reign into the 11th year of Zedekiah, also Josiah's son, under whom Jerusalem went into exile (Jer 1:2-3). He declared that Judah's sin was greater because they had witnessed both Israel's example and Israel's punishment, but followed the example nonetheless (Jer 3:6-8). Further prophecies came against the descendants of Josiah when Shallum, son of Josiah was taken captive, because of Judah's return to wickedness. It was said that this Shallum who succeeded Josiah to the throne would never return, but would die a captive (Jer 22:1-11). He is later referred to as Jehoiakim in this same passage (Jer 22:18), at least it may be the same. Nope. 1Ch 3:15 lists four sons of Josiah, Johanan (Joahaz?), Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, and Shallum. Jeconiah, who comes next in Matthew's list, was son of Jehoiakim. He is also called simply Coniah. Jeremiah's prophecy in this section ends with word against the entire line descended from Jehoiakim, when it comes to the rule of Judah (Jer 22:30). Zephaniah also prophesied during Josiah's time (Zeph 1:1).
Joshua (7/4/04)
Interesting. There is a Joshua noted as governor of Jerusalem during Josiah's reign (2Ki 23:8). The next Joshua one comes across was son of Jehozadak in the priestly line returning from the Exile (Hag 1:1).
Jehoiakim (7/4/04-7/5/04) [not actually in the list, but belongs there.]
(Yehowyaqiym [OT:3079]): from Yehovah [OT:3068]: God eternal and self-existent, and quwm [OT:6965]: to rise. "God will raise." Originally named Eliakim ('Elyaqiym' [OT:471]): from 'el [OT:410]: God Almighty, and quwm. "God raises", "God sets up." Name changed by Pharaoh Neco, who installed him on the throne, even as he took Jehoahaz away. Jehoiakim paid off Pharaoh by taxing Judah. He was installed at 25, reigned 11 years, and was born to Zebidah, daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. Bad king (2Ki 23:34-37). For three years, he became subject to Nebuchadnezzar, but then he rebelled. God sent Chaldeans, Arameans, Moabites, and Ammonites against him. This was in response to the sins of Manasseh. He was succeeded by Jehoiachin his son, who reigned for only 3 months (2Ki 24). [but it says he was taken to Babylon in the 8th year of his reign?] Nebuchadnezzar put Jehoiakim's uncle Mattaniah on the throne, changing his name to Zedekiah. He did not do well. He rebelled against God and he rebelled against Babylon. This brought about the destruction of Jerusalem. Zedekiah was forced to watch his sons killed before him, and then was blinded. Then it gets real confusing (2Ki 25:1-24). Jeremiah was the major prophet during his reign, and onward into the beginning of the Exile. Jeremiah prophesied a poor end for Jehoiakim, being buried "with a donkey's burial." The line of the throne is cut off from Jehoiakim (Jer 22:30). He is warned of the coming exile, but not without the promise of its limited duration (Jer 25). He warned all Judah that the Temple would not be proof against their wickedness, that even so, the Temple would be destroyed from amongst them if they would not pursue the LORD (Jer 26:1-6), but they chose not to believe Him. It is noted that Jehoiakim was not above killing off prophets who prophesied against him (Jer 26:22-23). Daniel was also witness to the events of Jehoiakim's reign (Da 1:1-2).
Jeconiah {Coniah Jehoiachin} (7/5/04)
(Yekonyah [OT:3204]): from kuwn [OT:3559]: to stand erect, to set up, and Yahh [OT:3050]: God. "God will establish." King of Judah at the time of the Exile (Est 2:6). He shows up as Coniah in some of Jeremiah's prophesies (Jer 22:24-28, Jer 37:1). He had a brief reign in Jerusalem, only 3months before Nebuchadnezzar came. His mother was Nehushta, daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. Bad king, as briefly as he ruled. He simply walked out with mother and staff, and surrendered to Babylon. Mattaniah was set up in his place, having been renamed Zedekiah (2Ki 24:1-17). 37 years later, the then king of Babylon let Jehoiachin out of prison, and gave him a place in the courts of Babylon, though not in any official capacity (2Ki 25:27-30). His first son's name was Shealtiel. The Chronicler places Zerubbabel as the son of his brother Pedaiah, if this is read correctly (1Ch 3:17-19). Zedekiah and those who remained with him in Judah were abandoned by God, whose favor rested with those who had gone into exile (Jer 24:1-8). A prophet by name of Hananiah prophesied that the exile would be short and Jeconiah would be restored to Jerusalem, but Jeremiah countered that false hope (Jer 28), indeed prophesied Hananiah's destruction for lying, and so he was. Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem after Jeconiah's exile, sending word through couriers (Jer 29:1-3).
Er (7/5/04)
(`Er [OT:6147]): from `uwr [OT:5782]: to wake. "watchful." Son of Judah by the Canaanite Shua, but shortlived because of his evil ways. First to be married to Tamar (Ge 38:3-7). Another Er shows up in the Chronicles as son of Shelah, son of Judah (1Ch 4:21).
Elmadam (7/5/04)
Unknown outside this passage in Luke.
Cosam (7/5/04)
Likewise unknown.
Addi (7/5/04)
Likewise unknown.
Melchi (7/5/04)
Likewise unknown.
Neri (7/5/04)
Likewise unknown.
Shealtiel (7/5/04)
(She'altiy'el [OT:7597]): from sha'al [OT:7592]: to inquire or demand, and 'el [OT:410]: God Almighty. "I have asked of God." Father of Zerubbabel (Ezr 3:2). [NOTE: 1Ch 3:19 lists Zerubbabel as Pedaiah's son.]
Zerubbabel (7/6/04)
(Zerubbabel [OT:2216]): from zarab [OT:2215]: to flow away, and Babel [OT:894]: from balal [OT:1101]: to overflow with oil, to mix; confusion. "Born in Babylon." Son of Pedaiah, father of Meshullam, Hananiah, and Dhelomith, as well as Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed (1Ch 3:19-20). He returned to Jerusalem with Ezra and Nehemiah (Ezr 2:2). Ezra identifies him as Shealtiel's son (Ezr 3:2). He partook in rebuilding the altar. After two years back in Jerusalem, they began the restoration of the Temple (Ezr 3:8). Some of Israel's enemies came to Zerubbabel seeking permission to help in the Temple construction, but he would not have them (Ezr 4:1-3). Haggai and Zechariah were prophets in that time, and they supported Zerubbabel's work (Ezr 5:1-2). Under Zerubbabel's leadership, the Levites and the priests were properly supported by the people (Ne 12:47). Haggai urged Zerubbabel to get moving on the Temple reconstruction (Hag 1:1-4), which he did (Hag 1:12), and the LORD was with them, so that all came to work on the house of the LORD (Hag 1:14). God declared that He would topple nations and destroy powers, turning armies against each other. In that day, He declared, Zerubbabel would be like a signet ring, chosen of God (Hag 2:21-23). Zechariah delivered the prophetic "not by might, not by power, but by My Spirit" to Zerubbabel (Zech 4:6). He also declared that Zerubbabel would see both the start and the finish of the Temple's reconstruction (Zec 4:9).